Legal entities are businesses such as corporations, corporations (in some jurisdictions), and many government agencies. They are legally treated as if they were people. [4] [6] [7] Brazilian law recognizes any association or abstract entity as a legal person, but a registry is required by a constitutional document, the specifications of which depend on the category of legal entity and the local law of the state and city. To understand what a legal entity is, it is first important to understand the concept of artificial entity. An incorporation will begin with a deposit in the jurisdiction of the state, which will regulate its internal affairs. Wherever it is used, it retains this constitutive state as an authoritative jurisdiction to determine the rights of its owners and managers. It has a separate and independent existence from its owners and therefore offers limited liability. An entity is not like your iPhone, which has certain functions because an entity is more autonomous and can even live forever. It can only act under the direction of its owners and managers, but the law treats it as if it had its own soul for certain legal purposes. This entity has its own purpose, its own accounting, its legal existence and is legally distinct from its owners. Registered trade unions are legal persons.

They may, by uniform representation proportional to their members, conclude collective agreements binding on all persons belonging to the categories specified in the agreement. Section 28 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 states: ” the provisions of this Bill of Rights apply, to the extent possible, for the benefit of all legal persons and all natural persons. In animal court proceedings, animals have the status of “legal persons” and humans have a legal obligation to act as “loco parentis” for the welfare of animals, as a parent does to minor children. A court ruled in 2014 in the case “Animal Welfare Board of India vs Nagaraja” that animals are also entitled to the fundamental right to liberty enshrined in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution[23], i.e. the right to life, personal liberty and the right to die with dignity (passive euthanasia). In another case, a court in the state of Uttarakhand ordered animals to have the same rights as humans. In another cow smuggling case, the High Court of Punjab and Haryana ordered that “the entire animal kingdom, including species of birds and aquatic animals” should have a “separate legal personality with the corresponding rights, duties and responsibilities of a living person” and that humans be “loco parentis”, while setting standards for animal welfare, Veterinary treatment, feeding and shelter, for example, animal cars can have no more than four people. and transported animals must not be loaded beyond the established limits, and these limits must be halved if the animals are to carry the load on a slope. [22] Legal personality allows one or more natural persons (universitas personarum) to act as a single entity (legal person) for legal purposes. In many jurisdictions, artificial personality allows this company to be considered legally distinct from its individual members (for example, in a public company, its shareholders).

They can sue and be sued, enter into contracts, incur debts and own property. Companies with legal personality may also be subject to certain legal obligations, such as the payment of taxes. A company with legal personality may protect its members from personal liability. In court cases involving natural entities, the Uttarakhand High Court has ordered that the Ganges and Yamuna rivers, as well as all waters, be “living entities”, i.e. “legal persons”, and appointed three persons as trustees to protect the rights of rivers from man-made pollution, such as “pilgrims` bathing rituals”. [22] A legal person is a non-human legal person that is not an individual natural person, but an organization legally recognized as a legal person, such as a company, government agency or NGO. Also known as a corporation, corporation, corporation, corporation or corporation, a corporation retains certain duties and rights listed in the relevant laws. [1] [2] The rights and obligations of a legal person are different from those of its natural persons. Since the 19th century, the legal person has been interpreted more broadly to make it a citizen, domicile or domicile of a state (usually for the purposes of personal jurisdiction). In Louisville, C. & C.R.

Co. v. Letson, 2 Wie. 497, 558, 11 L.Ed. 353 (1844), United States The Supreme Court held that for the purposes of this case, a corporation “may be treated both as a citizen [of the State which created it] and as a natural person.” Ten years later, they confirmed Letson`s conclusion, albeit on the slightly different theory that “those who use the company`s name and exercise the powers it confers” should be conclusively regarded as citizens of the company`s founding state. Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 16 Wie. 314, 329, 14 L.Ed. 953 (1854).

These concepts have been codified by law because U.S. jurisdiction laws relate specifically to corporate domicile. A legal or legal person (Latin: persona ficta; also a legal person) has a legal name and has certain legal rights, protections, privileges, responsibilities and obligations, similar to those of a natural person. The concept of legal person is a fundamental legal fiction. It is relevant to the philosophy of law as it is essential for laws affecting a company (corporate law). Subsequent comments interpreted these comments prior to the oral argument as part of the legal decision. [26] Accordingly, the First Amendment does not permit Congress to pass legislation restricting the freedom of expression of a political company or action group or requiring reporting in a local newspaper,[27] and the Due Process Clause does not allow a state government to take possession of a corporation without due process and fair compensation. This protection applies to all legal persons, not just companies. There are two types of legal entities: human and non-human Being a legal entity in the truest sense of the word can help protect your personal and business assets.

It`s an important distinction and a powerful tool to protect you and your business. Some examples of legal entities are discussed below. The concept of legal entity is at the heart of Western law today, in both common law and civil law countries, but it is also found in virtually all legal systems. [12] This legal article is a heel. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. The term “legal person” can be ambiguous as it is often used as a synonym for terms that refer only to non-human legal persons, especially as opposed to “natural person”. [10] [11] In Italy, trade unions have legal personality, as provided for in Article 39, paragraph 4, of the Constitution: since ancient times, associations have been known as the original form of legal person. This is documented for the 1st century AD for Jewish commercial enterprises. Even in Roman law, the institution was already important, although it was not designated as such. Conceptually, it included institutions such as the State, municipalities, societies (universities) and their associations of persons and property as well as associations. At least three people were needed in Rome to found an association. Not all organizations have legal personality.

For example, directors of a corporation, legislature or government agency are generally not legal entities because they do not have the ability to exercise legal rights independently of the corporation or political body to which they belong. According to Indian law, “shebaitship” is the property belonging to the deity or idol as a “legal person”. People who are destined to act in the name of divinity are called “shebait”. A shebait acts as guardian or guardian of the deity to protect the right of the deity and fulfill the legal duties of the deity. Shebait is similar to a trustee if the deity or temple has a legally registered trust or legal entity. According to Hindu law, goods given or offered as rituals or gifts, etc. absolutely belong to the deity and not to the shebait.